AFTER EFFECTS OF 500 AND 1000 Rs NOTE BAN

Deflation Due to Less Currency In Circulation

In the next few weeks, there would be shortage of currency as people would be depositing their cash into banks. Besides, Rs 500 and Rs 1000 notes constituted around 80% of the overall currency notes in the country. Suddenly, there would be less cash around, which will lead to short-term deflation.

Low Rate Of Interest

Gradually, as banks will be filled with cash deposited by eager customers, there would be surplus of money with the banks, which will lead to easier loans and less interest rate. Over a period of time, inflation can rise gradually, which will infact balance the increased deflation.

Low Prices of Gold

Investments like Gold are primarily conducted in cash in India, as both the jewelers and the consumer tries to save money by hiding the transaction from the Govt. (and by not paying tax). This would become things of past, as most of the gold related transactions would now happen via cards/internet banking (for atleast the next few months). Less sales of Gold would mean less price of gold in the coming days.

Low Real Estate Prices

Besides Gold, real estate is another sector which is dependent on cash in India. As all cash transactions would stop, there would be more supply than demand, and this will lead to low prices in this sector. Note here, that due to less sales of Gold and real estate, there would be less currency in the market, thereby increasing deflation as we shared above.

Immediate Stop To Black Money Hoarding

The timing of the announcement related with banning the currency notes was a master-stroke by PM Modi, as black money owners couldn’t get any chance to relocate their money. Their only option is to safely deposit the money in banks, and thereby attract tax liabilities. This will immediately stop hoarding of black money in the country, and most of the business transactions has to be conducted via online medium.

Stop to Terrorism Activities

Terrorists use black money to fuel their evil purposes: 100% of the arms bought by them are transacted using cash. As Rs 500 and Rs 1000 notes are banned, the terrorists cannot immediately encash their wealth for guns and ammunitions. This means an immediate stop to terrorist activities in the country.

Rise in Digital Transactions

ATM withdrawal has been limited to Rs 2000 per day and Rs 20,000 per week. Thus, as people will have less cash, they would be forced to use digital mediums for making payments. Hence, there would be an incredible rise in usage of digital transactions in the country.

Rise in Income Tax

More digital transactions means more taxable income in the country. As the old cash gets deposited in banks, and less cash is being used for various transactions, there would be a healthy increase in taxes received by the Govt. less black money means more tax for India. Right now, only 5% of Indians pay Income Tax; and this number will surely increase now.

Health, Education Expenses can reduce

As real estate prices would drop, it will impact several aspects of the economy, including health services and education. Besides, some services can also become cheaper.

Having said that, there are some disadvantages as well: For instance, the inconvenience faced by the common man while replacing their existing currencies at banks. There can be long queques, and the process would be slower.

Besides, the unorganized sector can bear the brunt of this massive transformation. Professionals such as cooks, maids, barbers, electricians, plumbers etc deal only in cash.

FACTS ABOUT NOTE BAN

Fact #1 – You can deposit any amount of old notes in your bank/Post Office account

You can “deposit” your old currency in your bank account till 30st Dec, 2016. There is no limit on this amount and if you have Rs 50 lacs with you in Cash, you can just walk into your bank branch (expect a lot of rush) and just deposit the amount in your bank account. The limit which is there is on the “exchange” which is the next point. Please find below the exact wording from the RBI notification.

Also note that there is no limit of deposit for account whose KYC is complete. If KYC is not yet complete, the limit is Rs 50,000.

#2 – You can exchange up to Rs 4,000 notes in ANY bank branch in first 15 days

You can walk to ANY bank branch and exchange up to Rs 4,000 of old notes along with your identity proof (PAN, Aadhaar card, Passport etc). You don’t need a bank account in the same bank. After 15 days, this limit of Rs 4,000 will be reviewed and raised. I am sure this small limit is kept so that most of the middle class and poor people are handled before other privileged class  . Apart from the bank branches, you can also visit RBI centers for this exchange.

#3 – You can deposit the money in 3rd party account also

It is also possible to deposit the money to 3rd party account also if you follow the full procedure and produce a valid ID proof (your own)

#4 – Cash withdrawal Limit from ATM and Bank Branch

There is following withdrawal limit set by the govt.

• ATM – Withdrawal from ATMs would be restricted to Rs.2,000 per day per card up
  to November 18, 2016. The limit will be raised to Rs.4,000 per day per card
  from November 19, 2016 onwards.
• Bank Branch – Till 24th Nov, 2016, you can walk to your bank branch and withdraw up to Rs 10,000 in a go, but the overall limit is Rs 20,000 per week.

You can walk to ANY bank branch and exchange up to Rs 4,000 of old notes along with your identity proof (PAN, Aadhaar card, Passport etc). You don’t need a bank account in the same bank. After 15 days, this limit of Rs 4,000 will be reviewed and raised. I am sure this small limit is kept so that most of the middle class and poor people are handled before other privileged class  . Apart from the bank branches, you can also visit RBI centers for this exchange.

#5 – You can deposit the old notes till 31st Mar, 2017 in worst case

In worst case, if you are not able to deposit the cash in your bank account or exchange those till 30st Dec, 2016, Still you will get another change to deposit the amount at RBI designated branched till 31st Mar, 2017 with proper documentation. One of my close friend parents are coming back to India from US after Jan, and they were worried after this news. I told them about this 31st Mar, 2017 deadline which calmed them!

IMPORTANT ARTICLES OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION

Indian Constitution when adopted by Constituent Assembly in 1949 had 395 articles and 22 parts. Many other articles and three other parts were added to it by subsequent constitutional amendments. As of now Indian constitution contains more than 444 articles in 25 parts.

Following is the list of important Article of the Constitution:

Article 1-4: Deals with the territory of India, formation of new states, alterations, names of existing states.

Article 5-11: Deals with various rights of citizenship.

Article 12-35: Deals with fundamental rights of Indian Citizen Abolition of untouchability and titles.

Articles 36-51: Deals with Directive Principles of State Policy.

Articles 51A: This part was added by 42nnd Amendment in 1976, which contains the fundamental duties of the citizens.

Articles 52-151: Deals with government at the centre level.

Articles 152-237: Deals with government at the state level.

Article 238: Deals with states.

Articles 239-241: Deals with Union Territories

Articles 242-243: It consists of two parts: (i) added by 73^rd amendment in 1992, which contains a new schedule. It contains 29 subjects related to Panchayati Raj, who have been given administrative powers.

(ii) It is added by 74^th amendment in 1992, which contains a new schedule. It contains 18 subjects relate to municipalities, who have been given administrative powers.

Articles 244-244A: Deals with scheduled and tribal areas.

Articles 245-263: Deals with the relationship between union and states.

Articles 264-300A: Deals with the distribution of revenue between union and states, appointment of Finance Commission etc.

Article 301-307: Deals with the trade, commerce and intercourse within the territory of India.

Article 308-323: Deals with UPSC and Public Services Commissions.

Article 323A, 323B:  Added by 42^nd Amendment in 1976. Deals with administrative tribunals set up by parliament to hear disputes and complaints regarding Union, states or local Government Employees.

Articles 324-329: Deals with election.

Articles 330-342: Deals with special provision for SCs and STs and Anglo-Indian Representatives.

Articles 343-351: Deals with official language of union and states.

Article 352-360: Deals with emergency provisions, President’s rule.

Articles 361-367: Deals with exemption of criminal proceedings for their official acts of president and governors.

Article 368: Deals with Amendment of constitution.

Article 369-392: Article 370 deals with special status to J&K.

Article 371A: Gives special provisions with respect to state of Nagaland.

Articles 393-395: Deals with the short title, commencement and repeal of the constitution.

LIST OF ALL PRESIDENTS OF INDIA

#	President	Date of birth	Date of inauguration	Age at inauguration	End of term	Length of retirement	Date of death	Lifespan
1	Rajendra Prasad	3 December 1884	26 January 1950	65 years, 54 days	13 May 1962	291 days	28 February 1963	28,575 days (78 years, 87 days)
2	Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan	5 September 1888	13 May 1962	73 years, 250 days	13 May 1967	2,896 days	17 April 1975	31,634 days (86 years, 224 days)
3	Zakir Hussain	8 February 1897	13 May 1967	70 years, 94 days	3 May 1969	N/A[1]	3 May 1969	26,381 days (72 years, 84 days)
4	V.V. Giri	10 August 1894	24 August 1969	75 years, 14 days	24 August 1974	2,130 days	23 June 1980	31,363 days (85 years, 318 days)
5	Fakhruddin Ahmed	13 May 1905	24 August 1974	69 years, 103 days	11 February 1977	N/A[1]	11 February 1977	26,207 days (71 years, 274 days)
6	Neelam Reddy	19 May 1913	25 July 1977	64 years, 67 days	25 July 1982	5,060 days	1 June 1996	30,329 days (83 years, 13 days)
7	Zail Singh	5 May 1916	25 July 1982	66 years, 81 days	25 July 1987	2,710 days	25 December 1994	28,723 days (78 years, 234 days)
8	Ramaswamy Venkataraman	4 December 1910	25 July 1987	76 years, 233 days	25 July 1992	6,030 days	27 January 2009	35,849 days (98 years, 54 days)
9	Shankar Dayal Sharma	19 August 1918	25 July 1992	73 years, 341 days	25 July 1997	884 days	26 December 1999	29,714 days (81 years, 129 days)
10	K.R. Narayanan	27 October 1920	25 July 1997	76 years, 271 days	25 July 2002	1,203 days	9 November 2005	31,059 days (85 years, 13 days)
11	A. P. J. Abdul Kalam	15 October 1931	25 July 2002	70 years, 283 days	25 July 2007	2,924 days	27 July 2015	30,601 days (83 years, 285 days)
12	Pratibha Patil	19 December 1934	25 July 2007	72 years, 218 days	25 July 2012	1,549 days		29,892 days (81 years, 307 days)
13	Pranab Mukherjee	11 December 1935	25 July 2012	76 years, 227 days	Incumbent	Incumbent		29,535 days (80 years, 315 days)

LIST OF ALL PRIME MINISTERS OF INDIA

Narendra Modi – 2014 till date

Manmohan Singh – 2004-14

Atal Bihari Vajpayee – 1998-2004

IK Gujral – 1997-98

HD Deve Gowda – 1996-97

AB Vajpayee – 1996

PV Narasimha Rao – 1991-96

Chandra Shekhar – 1990-91

VP Singh – 1989-90

Rajiv Gandhi – 1984-89

Indira Gandhi – 1980-84

Charan Singh – 1979-80

Morarji Desai – 1977-79

Indira Gandhi – 1966-77

Gulzarilal Nanda – 1966-66

Lal Bahadur Shastri – 1964-66

Gulzarilal Nanda – 1964

Jawaharlal Nehru – 1947-64

FACTS ABOUT INDIAN PARLIAMENT

The Parliament building was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker who were responsible for the overall construction and planning in Delhi.First foundation stone was laid on
12 February 1921.It took 6 years to complete and the whole project cost around Rs 83 lakh.



The Parliament library is the second largest in India. (FYI: The National Library in Kolkata is the largest)It was temporarily used as a courtroom by the Supreme Court after Independence till a separate building was assigned to it.


The unique circular structure of our parliament stands out from the other government buildings around the world, and is considered to be amongst the best architectural designs.The circular aspect out the Indian Parliament represents “continuity”.The first floor balcony has a total of 144 pillars.The whole circumference of the Parliament is 1/3rd of a mile (536.33 m).

Indian President Pranab Mukherjee’s office is in Room No. 13. Both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha halls are horseshoe-shaped.There are a total of 6 lifts in the Parliament building.

A new state-of-the-art Parliament Library Building ( Sansadiya Gyanpeeth) is being constructed at present. The whole project is estimated to cost around INR 191 crore.

The Public Gallery of Lok Sabha is accessible to the general public provided they have prior permission and an official pass. For a visitor’s pass to Sansad Bhawan, one has to apply (yellow application form) to the Parliament Secretariat, Visitor’s Reception on Raisina Road by providing a letter of introduction from a Member of Parliament.

The walls and ceilings of the Parliament have been inscribed with noble passages that serve as guiding spirit for the two houses. The translated Sanskrit quotation at the entrance is as follows:
“Open the door to the people
And let us see thee
For the obtaining of the
sovereignty”.

. Lok Sabha carpet is green in color which represents that India is an Agriculture land and the people here are elected from grass root level, Rajya Sabha carpet is red in color which denotes royalty and also tells about the sacrifice done by the freedom fighters.
 
Voting in Parliament is done electronically for the questions asked, amendments, new bills etc. There is a voting console, a system with colored buttons, green for a Yes, Red for No and Yellow for abstain.

 Legislature or Parliament headed by President of India term - 6years (1/3 members retire every 2 years) term -5 years (automatically dissolved) Rajya Sabha (Upper House) Council of states Lok Sabha (Lower House) House of the People 238 members elected by state MLAs +12 nominated by President for contributions to art, literature, science services and social. 543 members elected by general population + 2 Anglo Indian elected by President of India. Speaker - Vice President (elected by both Lok and Rajya Sabha members) Speaker (elected by Lok Sabha Members) No Voting rights Except the decisive vote. 


Legislature or Parliament headed by President of India The first hour (i.e. between 11 to 12 noon) is known as the Question Hour. During this MPs put forward questions about the policies, government and different bills.. Around 12 noon MPs can discuss any important topic with prior notice to the Speaker. This is known as Zero Hour.Legislature or Parliament headed by President of India.

LIST OF MUGHAL EMPORERES

	Bābur	Zahir-ud-din Muhammad	23 February 1483	30 April 1526 – 26 December 1530	26 December 1530 (aged 47)
	Humayun	Nasir-ud-din Muhammad Humayun	17 March 1508	26 December 1530 – 17 May 1540 22 February 1555 - 27 January 1556	27 January 1556 (aged 48)	Hamayun was overthrown in 1540 by Sher Shah Suri of the Suri dynasty but returned to the throne in 1555 after the death of Islam Shah Suri (Sher Shah Suri's son and successor).
	Akbar-e-Azam	Jalal-ud-din Muhammad	14 October 1542	27 January 1556 – 27 October 1605	27 October 1605 (aged 63)
	Jahangir	Nur-ud-din Muhammad Salim	20 September 1569	15 October 1605 – 8 November 1627	8 November 1627 (aged 58)
	Shahryar	Salef-ud-din Mohammed Shahryar	16 January 1605	23 January 1628 (Aged 23)		Claimed the throne,but lost it within 3 hours
	Shah-Jahan-e-Azam	Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Khurram	5 January 1592	8 November 1627 – 2 August 1658	22 January 1666 (aged 74)	Built Taj Mahal
	Alamgir	Muhy-ud-din Muhammad Aurangzeb	4 November 1618	31 July 1658 – 3 March 1707	3 March 1707 (aged 88)
	Azam Shah	Abu'l Faaiz Qutb-ud-Din Muhammad Azam	28 June 1653	14 March 1707 – 8 June 1707	8 June 1707 (aged 53)
	Bahadur Shah	Qutb ud-Din Muhammad Mu'azzam	14 October 1643	19 June 1707 – 27 February 1712 (4 years, 253 days)	27 February 1712 (aged 68)	He made settlements with the Marathas, tranquilised the Rajputs, and became friendly with the Sikhs in the Punjab.
	Jahandar Shah	Ma'az-ud-Din Jahandar Shah Bahadur	9 May 1661	27 February 1712 – 11 February 1713 (0 years, 350 days)	12 February 1713 (aged 51)	Highly influenced by his Grand Vizier Zulfikar Khan.
	Farrukhsiyar	Farrukhsiyar	20 August 1685	11 January 1713 – 28 February 1719 (6 years, 48 days)	29 April 1719 (aged 33)	Granted a firman to the East India Company in 1717 granting them duty-free trading rights for Bengal, strengthening their posts on the east coast.
	Rafi ud-Darajat	Rafi ud-Darajat	30 November 1699	28 February – 6 June 1719 (0 years, 98 days)	9 June 1719 (aged 19)	Rise of Syed Brothers as power brokers.
	Shah Jahan II	Rafi ud-Daulah	June 1696	6 June 1719 – 19 September 1719 (0 years, 105 days)	19 September 1719 (aged 23)	----
	Muhammad Shah	Roshan Akhtar Bahadur	17 August 1702	27 September 1719 – 26 April 1748 (28 years, 212 days)	26 April 1748 (aged 45)	Got rid of the Syed Brothers. Fought a long war with the Marathas, losing Deccan and Malwa in the process. Suffered the invasion of Nader Shah of Persia in 1739. He was the last emperor to possess effective control over the empire.
	Ahmad Shah Bahadur	Ahmad Shah Bahadur	23 December 1725	26 April 1748 – 2 June 1754	1 January 1775 (aged 49)	Mughal forces defeated by the Marathas at the Battle of Sikandarabad.
	Alamgir II	Aziz-ud-din	6 June 1699	2 June 1754 – 29 November 1759 (5 years, 180 days)	29 November 1759 (aged 60)	Domination of Vizier Imad-ul-Mulk.
	Shah Jahan III	Muhi-ul-millat	1711	10 December 1759 – 10 October 1760	1772 (aged 60–61)	Consolidation of the Nizam of Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha, during the Battle of Buxar. Hyder Ali becomes Sultan of Mysore in 1761.
	Shah Alam II	Ali Gauhar	25 June 1728	24 December 1759 – 19 November 1806 (46 years, 330 days)	19 November 1806 (aged 78)	The death of Tipu Sultan of Mysore in 1799.
	Akbar Shah II	Mirza Akbar	22 April 1760	19 November 1806 – 28 September 1837	28 September 1837 (aged 77)	Titular figurehead under British protection.
	Bahadur Shah II	Abu Zafar Sirajuddin Muhammad Bahadur Shah Zafar	24 October 1775	28 September 1837 – 14 September 1857 (19 years, 351 days)	7 November 1862 (aged 87)	Last Mughal Emperor. Deposed by the British and exiled to Burma after the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

 

RULERS OF MARATHA EMPIRE

Maratha Empire

Maratha rulers

• Chhatrapati Shivaji Raje Bhonsle, (1630–1680), founder of the Maratha Empire (Hindvi Swarajya).

• Venkoji, Founder of the Thanjavur Kingdom, half-brother of Shivaji Maharaj.

• Chatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj, (1657–1689), son of Shivaji Maharaj; second Chhatrapati of Maratha Swarajya.

• Rajaram Chhatrapati, (1670–1700), second son of Shivaji Maharaj; third Chhatrapati of Maratha Swarajya.

• Maharani Tarabai Bhonsle (née Mohite) (1675–1761), hailed as Bhadrakali, ruled as regent for her young son, Shivaji II until 1707.

• Chhattrapati Shahu (1682–1749), fourth Chhatrapati of the Maratha Swarajya.

• Shivaji II, son of Rajaram and Tarabai, Queen Tarabai ruled the empire as regent for her young son.

• Sambhaji II, son of Rajaram Chhatrapati and Rajasbai. His mother deposed his half-brother Shivaji II in 1711 and instead made Sambhaji the ruler (Chhatrapati) of Bhonsle house of Kolhapur.

• Rajaram II, fifth Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire.

• Raja Shahu II (1763–1808), Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire, Satara until 1808.

Others notable Maratha Empire people

• Maloji Raje Bhonsle (1552–1606, 1620 or 1622), Jagirdar and General under the Ahmadnagar Sultanate, first Bhosale to receive the title of "Raje".

• Shahaji Raje Bhonsle (1594–1664), father of Shivaji Maharaj. Jagirdar and General under the Ahmadnagar Sultanate and Adilshahi.

• Jijabai Bhonsle (née Jadhav), (1598–1674), wife of Shahaji Raje Bhonsle and mother of Shivaji.

• Prataprao Gujar (–1674), Commander-in-chief, also known as Sarnobat.

• Tanaji Malusare (-1670) - Maratha Commander whose audacious tactics won the fort of Kondana back from the Mughals. Tanaji died during the raid. The fort was renamed Sinhagad in his honour

• Hambirrao Mohite (1640–1687), Commander-in-chief, also known as Sarnobat, who took the side of Sambhaji even though he was brother of Soyarabai and fought against Mughals.

• Santaji Ghorpade (1660–1696), one of the most trusted General of Rajaram Chhatrapati.

• Dhanaji Jadhav (1650[1]–1708), Commander-in-chief of Maratha forces under Rajaram and Tarabai, who led the fight against the Mughal Empire.

• Khanderao Dabhade ( –1729), Commander-in-chief who led the Marathas into Gujarat.

• Kanhoji Angre (1669–1729), Maratha Navy chief who was on the side of Maharani Tarabai and was later convinced by Balaji Vishwanath Bhat to come over Shahu's side.

• Mahadaji Shinde (1730–1792), Maratha ruler of the state of Gwalior in central India. De facto ruler of the Mughal empire in 1780s He was the fifth and youngest son of Sardar Ranoji Scindia.

LIST OF IMPORTANT BATTLE OF INDIAN HISTORY FROM 1000AD TO 1857AD

List of important battles fought in India from 1000AD up to 1857 AD.

 

 

 

• Battle of Tarain(First)(1191)

• Second Battle of Tarain(1192)

 

• Battle of Chandawar(1194)

 

• Battle of Panipat(21-April-1526)

 

• Battle of Khanwa(17-March-1527)

 

• Battle of Chanderi(1528)

 

• Battle of Ghagra or Gogara (6-May-1529)

 

• Battle of chausal (7-June-1539)

 

• Battle of Kanauj or Billgram (17-May-1540)

 

• Battle for Delhi (7 October 1556)

 

• Battle of Panipat(5-November-1556)

 

• Battle of Bannihatti or Tallikota(23-January-1565)

 

• Battle of Haldighati(1576)

• First Carnatic War(1745–48)

• Second Carnatic War(1749–54)

 

• Third Carnatic War(1756–63)

 

• Battle of Plassey(June-1757)

British Army under the command of Robert Clive fought with Bengal Nawab Siraz-ud-daula and British won and Mir Jafar was made Nawab. Siraz-ud-daula,while he was unarmed was killed mercilessly by Muhammad Beg,a person who was under his assylum.